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1 Chlorobutane (also known as chlorobutyl or n-butyl chloride) is a 4-carbon straight-chain saturated halogenated alkane with the molecular formula C₄H₉Cl and a molecular weight of 92.57. At room temperature, it is a colorless, transparent, flammable liquid with a pungent odor. It is practically insoluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol and diethyl ether. It serves as an important butylating agent and solvent in organic synthesis and is widely used in the pharmaceutical, pesticide, and chemical industries.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | -123°C (lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 78.5–78.8°C (at atmospheric pressure) |
| Density | 0.886 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Flash point | -12°F (-24°C) |
| Vapor pressure | 80.1 mmHg (78.4°C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.402 (lit.) |
| Odor | Pungent odor similar to chloroform or gasoline |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in water (0.5 g/L at 20°C); miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether. |
| Stability | Stable, flammable; reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents; decomposes upon heating to produce toxic phosgene. |
Organic Synthesis: 1-Chlorobutane serves as a starting material for butylation reactions and for the preparation of key organic synthesis reagents such as Grignard reagents and butyllithium.
Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides: N-Butyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of analgesics and anesthetics, and in the production of agricultural fungicides and insecticides.
Industrial Solvents: Dissolves rubber, resins, and oils; used as a diluent and processing aid in paints, inks, and rubber manufacturing.
Fine Chemicals: Butyl chloride is used in the production of butyl cellulose and surfactants; also serves as a dewaxing agent for petroleum products and an extraction solvent.
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