
2 – Methylbutyraldehyde (MF: C₅H₁₀O, MW: 86.13) is a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid at standard temperature and pressure. At high concentrations, it has a strong, suffocating, pungent, musty odor; when diluted, it exhibits a distinctive aroma of cocoa and coffee, with subtle sweet notes of fruit and chocolate. It occurs naturally in black tea, milk thistle, Brussels sprouts, cheese, rum, roasted peanuts, and other sources. It exhibits typical chemical properties of aldehydes.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | -67.38°C (estimate) |
| Boiling Point | 90–93°C (lit.) |
| Density | 0.806 g/mL (20°C) |
| Flash Point | 40°F (4.4°C) |
| Vapor Pressure | 6.7 kPa (25°C) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.3919 (lit.) |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water (approx. 2 g/L); readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and chloroform |
| Explosion Limits | 1.3–13% (V) |
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