
4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid is a commonly used organic synthesis intermediate, an aromatic carboxylic acid bearing a tert-butyl group and a carboxyl group on the benzene ring. It appears as a white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C₁₁H₁₄O₂ and molecular weight 178.23. Exhibiting typical carboxylic acid reactivity, it undergoes esterification, amidation, reduction, and decarboxylation reactions, forming salts with bases. The tert-butyl structure is stable and resistant to substitution reactions, resulting in overall mild chemical properties.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 162–165°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 280°C |
| Relative density | 1.038 (25°C) |
| Bulk density | 340 kg/m³ |
| Vapor pressure | <0.01 hPa (20°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.5201 (estimate) |
| Flash point | 180°C |
| Acid dissociation constant (pKa) | 4.38 (at 25°C) |
| Specific gravity | 0.908 |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in water; readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, and toluene. |
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