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Acetaldehyde (ch3cho) is the simplest aliphatic aldehyde compound, MF: C₂H₄O, MW: 44.05. It is a colorless, readily flowing liquid with a pungent, irritating odor. Its chemical reactivity stems from the aldehyde group in its molecule, serving as a key hub connecting methanol, ethanol, and higher organic compounds.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | -123.5°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 21°C (lit.) |
| Density | 0.785 g/mL at 25°C (lit. |
| Vapour density | 1.03 (vs air) |
| Vapour pressure | 52 mmHg (37°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.3316 |
| Flash point | 133°F |
| Acidity coefficient (pKa) | 13.57 (at 25°C) |
| Specific gravity | 0.823 (20/4°C) |
| Solubility | Extremely soluble in water (miscible in any proportion), readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and benzene |
Ethanal is used in the synthesis of ethyl acetate, butanol/octanol, pyridine derivatives, and other intermediates.
As a pharmaceutical intermediate, Ethanal is used to synthesize cephalosporin antibiotics, Vitamin B1, sedatives (e.g., barbiturates), etc.
As a food flavoring agent, Acetaldehyde is used to formulate fruit-flavored essences such as apple, banana, and strawberry; small quantities are used for surface disinfection of food products.
Ethanal also serves as a fuel additive to enhance combustion efficiency or blends with methanol to produce mixed fuels.
In rubber manufacturing, Ethanal synthesizes vulcanization accelerators, antioxidants, and other additives.
Acetaldehyde functions as an additive in electroplating solutions to improve coating quality.U
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