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Aminolevulinic acid（5-Aminolevulinic acid）with the molecular formula C₅H₉NO₃ and a molecular weight of 131.13, is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative and a key precursor in the biosynthesis of porphyrin compounds. It is highly soluble in water and exhibits photosensitive activity, making it widely used in agricultural herbicides, photodynamic therapy in medicine, and as a nutritional supplement for livestock and poultry.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 118-119 °C |
| Boiling Point | 242.42°C (rough estimate) |
| Density | 1.3121 (rough estimate) |
| Refractive index | 1.4300 (estimated) |
| Acidity constant (pKa) | 4.05 (at 25°C) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (>500 mg/mL), slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as diethyl ether and chloroform. |
| Stability | Stable when stored in a dry, cool place; prone to decomposition in the presence of strong acids, strong bases, or at high temperatures. |
| Chemical Properties | Contains both amino and carboxyl groups; exhibits the typical chemical properties of amino acids; serves as a substrate for the rate-limiting step in porphyrin biosynthesis. |
Agriculture and Agricultural Applications: 5-aminolevulinic acid is used as a biostimulant/plant growth regulator to promote photosynthesis and enhance crops’ resistance to cold, drought, and other environmental stresses; it also promotes fruit color development and sweetness. Additionally, it serves as a pesticide synergist and a nutritional additive in animal feed.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications: As an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for photodynamic therapy, aminolevulinic acid is used in the fluorescent diagnosis of tumors and the photodynamic treatment of skin lesions; as a raw material for medical diagnostic reagents and adjunctive treatment of anemia.
Cosmetics and Skincare: A functional active ingredient in cosmetics for skin repair, oil control and acne treatment, anti-aging and skin rejuvenation, and hair care and nourishment.
Chemical Research: An organic synthesis intermediate; 5-ALA is used in the preparation of porphyrins, photosensitizing materials, and bioanalytical detection reagents.
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