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Barium hydroxide (MF: Ba(OH)₂, MW: 171.34) exhibits strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, causing irritation and damage upon contact with skin or mucous membranes. It is highly soluble in water with exothermic reaction; heating to 100°C causes the octahydrate to lose its crystalline water, decomposing at high temperatures into barium oxide and water. It reacts with acids and acidic oxides, neutralizing to form barium salts and water. Reacts with soluble salts to form insoluble barium salts (e.g., forming barium sulfate precipitate with sulfate ions).
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | Anhydrous form ~407°C, octahydrate 78°C |
| Boiling point | N/A |
| Density | 2.2 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Sensitivity | Air-sensitive & hygroscopic |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water with considerable heat evolution; slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in acetone. |
| Stability | Stable; incompatible with acids, carbon dioxide, and moisture. |
Barium hydroxide serves as an alkaline catalyst or raw material for preparing organic compounds, barium salts, and other chemical products.
BaOH₂ neutralizes acidic wastewater while removing harmful impurities like fluoride ions to improve water quality.
BaOH₂ is used in lubricant refining processes to help eliminate sulfur, nitrogen, and other impurities, enhancing oil quality.
Barium hydroxide serves as an auxiliary agent in pharmaceutical drug preparation and as a processing material in the electronics industry.
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