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Benzoic acid (MF: C₇H₆O₂, MW: 122.12) is a common aromatic carboxylic acid naturally occurring in plants such as benzoin, cinnamon, and cherries. Currently, it is primarily produced industrially through synthetic methods. Containing both a benzene ring and a carboxyl group (-COOH) in its molecular structure, it combines the stability of aromatic compounds with the chemical reactivity of carboxylic acids. It serves as a classic preservative in the food industry and an important intermediate in organic synthesis, finding widespread application in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 122.13°C |
| Boiling point | 249°C (lit.) |
| Density | 1.08 |
| Sublimation | Slow sublimation occurs above 100°C; rate accelerates between 150-200°C. |
| Bulk density | 500 kg/m³ |
| Vapor density | 4.21 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 10 mmHg (132°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.504 |
| Acidity constant (pKa) | 4.19 (at 25°C) |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in cold water; readily soluble in hot water, ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, and other polar organic solvents; also soluble in aromatic solvents such as benzene and toluene. |
Benzoic acid is primarily used as a preservative:
– In acidic foods such as carbonated drinks, fruit juices, pickles, pastries, and candied fruits;
– In skincare products (e.g., toners, lotions with pH 4.0-6.0), shampoos, toothpaste, and oral care items;
– As a preservative in oral and topical formulations; also used as a medicinal ingredient to treat skin fungal infections.
As an organic synthesis intermediate, benzoic acid yields various high-value-added products:
– Synthesis of benzoate salts: e.g., sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate.
– Esters formed by reacting with different alcohols, used in fragrances, solvents, and materials.
-Serves as a pharmaceutical intermediate for synthesizing diverse drugs, including antipyretic analgesics and antifungal agents.
Industrial Applications:
-As a dye intermediate for synthesizing azo dyes.
-As an additive for plastics and rubber to enhance plastic flexibility and improve rubber heat resistance.
-Used in preparing metal rust-preventive solutions for short-term rust protection of steel and copper products.
Jinan Jinbang Chemical Co., Ltd., strategically located within the New Materials Industrial Park in Tianqiao District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, stands as a prominent chemical innovator since its establishment in 2015. Operating from a modern, expansive 37,500 m² manufacturing facility, we are dedicated to the research & development, production, and global distribution of high-performance chemical solutions.
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