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Benzoyl peroxide is an organic peroxide compound, commonly known as initiator BPO. It has the molecular formula C₁₄H₁₀O₄ and a molecular weight of 242.23. At room temperature, it appears as white orthorhombic crystals or a crystalline powder with a faint odor of benzaldehyde and a bitter almond taste. As a strong oxidizing agent and free-radical initiator, it is widely used in the synthesis of polymeric materials, the rubber industry, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, and is one of the most widely produced organic peroxides globally.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 105 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 176 °F |
| Density | 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Flash point | >230 °F |
| Vapor pressure | 1.7×10⁻⁵ mmHg (2.27×10⁻³ Pa) at 25°C |
| Refractive index | 1.585 |
| Half-life | 10 h at 72–73°C (in benzene solution) |
| Active oxygen content | 6.62% (theoretical) |
| Solubility | Soluble in benzene (1 g/10 mL), chloroform (1 g/6 mL), diethyl ether (1 g/25 mL), and acetone (1 g/15 mL); slightly soluble in ethanol (1 g/600 mL); very slightly soluble in water (0.35 mg/L). |
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