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Choline chloride (MF: C₅H₁₄ClNO, MW: 139.62) is a quaternary ammonium salt compound possessing both nutritional functionality and industrial utility. Due to the presence of a quaternary ammonium cation ((CH₃)₃N⁺-) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) in its molecule, it exhibits extremely high polarity, resulting in excellent solubility in polar solvents such as water and alcohols. The ‘hydroxyethyl’ (-CH₂CH₂OH) group within its molecule exhibits strong hydrophilicity, rendering the solid powder highly susceptible to moisture absorption and caking. Additionally, choline chloride possesses moderate thermal stability, a neutral to weakly alkaline pH, and a high degree of safety.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 302–305°C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Density | 1.0238 (rough estimate) |
| Refractive index | 1.5400 (estimate) |
| pH | 5.0–7.5 (25°C, 1 min H₂O) |
| Odour | Odourless or faint fishy odour |
| Solubility | Very soluble in water (solubility approx. 650g/100mL at 20°C), readily soluble in methanol and ethanol, insoluble in non-polar solvents such as diethyl ether and benzene. |
| Stability | Stable at ambient temperatures but highly hygroscopic; prone to caking upon moisture absorption; may decompose into trimethylamine and ethylene glycol at elevated temperatures (>200°C) |
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