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Dimethylglyoxime, commonly known as butanedione dioxime or nickel reagent, has the molecular formula C₄H₈N₂O₂ and molecular weight 116.12, CAS 95-45-4. It is a white crystalline powder, melting point 240–241 ℃, slightly soluble in water but freely soluble in ethanol, acetone and pyridine. It is weakly acidic with two oxime groups and can undergo tautomerization. It acts as a strong bidentate chelating ligand, forming stable complexes with many metal ions. Especially in ammoniacal solution, it reacts with nickel(II) ions to form a bright red insoluble chelate, making it a specific reagent for nickel detection. It also coordinates with palladium, cobalt and copper, widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis, metal separation and organic synthesis.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 240-241°C (lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 217.15°C (rough estimate) |
| Density | 1.2829 (rough estimate) |
| Bulk Density | 620 kg/m³ |
| Refractive Index | 1.4880 (estimate) |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, acetone, and ether |
Analytical Chemistry: As a specific reagent for nickel ions, it is used for qualitative identification and quantitative determination, and is a commonly used reagent in photometric and gravimetric analysis. It is also used for palladium ion detection.
Metal Separation and Purification: Dimethylglyoxime selectively precipitates metals such as nickel and palladium, achieving the separation of precious metals, sample impurity removal, enrichment, and purification. It is widely used in metallurgical and electroplating systems.
Coordination Chemistry: As a classic bidentate chelating ligand, it is used to synthesize metal complexes and study coordination structures and catalytic materials.
Industrial and Environmental Monitoring: Used for detecting nickel content in alloys, electroplating solutions, wastewater, and soil. It is a commonly used reagent in environmental monitoring and quality control.
Organic Synthesis: Used as an organic intermediate, stabilizer, and auxiliary ligand for coordination catalysts.
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