
Ethylene glycol, also known as glycol, is the simplest aliphatic diol with a mf C₂H₆O₂ and mw 62.07. It exhibits typical alcohol chemical properties, such as forming ethers and esters, undergoing oxidation to produce aldehydes or acids, and condensing to form ethers. It can also be substituted by halogens. Reaction with acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides typically yields diesters.
Ethylene glycol serves as a raw material for producing polyester resins, alkyd resins, and polyester fibers. It is also used as automotive antifreeze and aircraft engine coolant.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | -13°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 195-198°C |
| Vapor Density | 2.1 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.08 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.431 (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 230°F |
| Acidity Constant (pKa) | 14.22 (at 25°C) |
| Relative polarity | 0.79 |
| Freezing point | -11.5°C |
| Water solubility | Strongly soluble; miscible with water in all proportions, significantly lowering freezing point when mixed. |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, and acetone; insoluble in nonpolar solvents like petroleum ether and benzene. |
Ethylene glycol serves as an antifreeze medium for automobiles, ships, and industrial equipment. When mixed with water, it lowers the freezing point (e.g., approximately -37°C at 50% concentration) while simultaneously raising the boiling point.
Glycol undergoes polycondensation with terephthalic acid to form polyethylene terephthalate (PET), used in producing polyester fibers, mineral water bottles, films, etc.
Dihydroxyethane serves as a solvent for inks, coatings, and adhesives, and functions as a humectant and plasticizer in cosmetics and detergents.
Ethylene glycol is used to synthesize ethylene glycol ethers and polyurethane foam, and also serves as a gas dehydrating agent and a component in brake fluid.
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