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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a white crystalline powder, Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈ Molecular Weight: 292.24, sparingly soluble in water, soluble in alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, and insoluble in most organic solvents. It is a polybasic weak acid containing four carboxyl groups and two amino groups in its molecule, capable of hexavalent dissociation. Under alkaline conditions, it mainly exists as an anion. As a typical hexadecantalomeric complex, it can form stable and water-soluble chelates with most metal ions in a 1:1 ratio, exhibiting strong coordination ability and high stability. It is stable at room temperature but decomposes easily upon heating. It generally does not react with common reducing agents, but it can react with strong oxidizing agents.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | Decomposes at around 250℃, no fixed melting point |
| Boiling Point | No boiling point, decomposes directly upon heating |
| Aqueous Solution pH | Saturated aqueous solution is acidic, pH approximately 4.5 |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, insoluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, readily soluble in alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. |
Pharmaceutical Industry: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used as a blood anticoagulant to preserve blood cell morphology; as a heavy metal detoxifier to remove lead, mercury, and other metal ions; also used for stabilizing injections and pharmaceuticals.
Food Industry: Chelates metal ions, inhibiting oxidative browning in food and maintaining color and quality; softens water, preventing sedimentation in beverages and canned goods, and extending shelf life.
Daily Chemicals and Detergents: Softens hard water, improving the detergency of detergents; acts as a stabilizer in skincare and shampoo products, preventing product deterioration, discoloration, and stratification.
Industrial Water Treatment: EDTA is used in boilers and circulating water systems to inhibit scale and corrosion, reducing calcium and magnesium scaling; used as a complexing agent in electroplating to produce a uniform and bright plating layer.
Analytical Experiments: EDTA is used as a standard reagent in complexometric titration to determine the content of metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron; used in biological sample processing to inhibit the activity of metalloenzymes.
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