
Glutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) has the molecular formula C10H17N3O6S and a molecular weight of 307.32. It is a white crystalline powder, odorless, with a sour taste. In living organisms, it exists in two forms: the reduced form (GSH) and the oxidized form (GSSG), with the reduced form accounting for more than 95% and playing the primary physiological role.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 192-195°C(dec.)(lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 3754.5±60.0°C(Predicted) |
| Density | 1.4482(rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | N/A |
| Refractive Index | N/A |
| Specific optical rotation | -16.5º (c=2, H2O) |
| Isopotential point | 5.93 |
| Solubility | Soluble in water (50 mg/mL), dilute ethanol, ammonia water, and dimethylformamide; insoluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, and acetone. |
Pharmaceutical Industry: Raw material for clinical liver-protecting formulations; alleviates the toxic side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as heavy metal poisoning; improves hypoxemia and aids in the treatment of neurological and vascular disorders.
Cosmetics and Skincare: A potent antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, inhibits melanin production to achieve skin brightening and fade dark spots; widely added to serums, face creams, and reparative skincare products.
Food and Nutrition Processing: A food-grade antioxidant; enhances freshness and flavor in meat products and condiments; fortifies dairy products and infant formula; improves fermentation processes for flour-based foods.
Research, Agriculture, and Materials Additives: A standard reducing agent for biochemical experiments and a reagent for biological research; a stress-tolerance enhancer and yield-boosting regulator for crops; an antioxidant and stabilizer for polymer materials; it can also serve as a coenzyme in biocatalytic reactions.
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