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Glyoxal (MF: C₂H₂O₂, MW: 58.04) is the simplest aliphatic binary aldehyde, containing two adjacent aldehyde groups (-CHO) in its molecule. It undergoes various typical aldehyde reactions (such as polymerisation and condensation reactions) and serves as a highly reactive organic intermediate and functional additive.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | -14°C |
| Boiling point | 104°C |
| Density | 1.265 g/mL at 25°C |
| Vapour density | >1 (vs air) |
| Vapour pressure | 18 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.409 |
| Flash point | 104°C |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone; insoluble in benzene, petroleum ether. |
Serves as a key intermediate in synthesising various high-value-added chemicals: heterocyclic compounds, resins and polymers, pharmaceutical intermediates, etc.
Primarily employed as a fibre cross-linking agent and anti-shrinkage/anti-wrinkle finish in the textile industry, used for anti-shrinkage treatment of woollen fabrics to reduce felting of wool fibres during washing.
Employed as a wet strength agent and dry strength agent in papermaking, significantly enhancing paper wet strength while meeting environmental standards.
Utilised as a leather tanning agent and finishing agent, serving as a cross-linking component in leather finishes to improve coating adhesion and abrasion resistance.
A 40% aqueous solution of glyoxal exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal properties, suitable for disinfecting medical devices and laboratory environments.
Employed as a cross-linking agent in photoresist formulations for electronic materials, or as an intermediate in the synthesis of conductive polymers.
7. Functioning as a corrosion inhibitor and scale preventative within circulating water systems to mitigate corrosion and scaling.
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