
Isobutanol MF: C₄H₁₀O MW: 74.12, an important branched-chain fatty alcohol, occurs naturally in certain fruits, vegetables, and fermentation products. Industrially, it is primarily synthesised via the propylene carbonylation process (formylation reaction) and is one of the main by-products in n-butanol production. It finds extensive application in industrial manufacturing and chemical synthesis.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | -108°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 108°C (lit.) |
| Density | 0.803 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Vapor density | 2.55 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 8 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive Index | n₂₀/D 1.396 (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 82°F |
| APHA | ≤10 |
| Acidity coefficient (pKa) | >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993) |
| Odour | Slightly suffocating, no residual alcohol |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone and various organic solvents; exhibits greater solubility than n-butanol. |
Solvent and Coatings Industry
– Serves as a diluent for inks and coatings, suitable for water-based/oil-based inks and resins (e.g., ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral).
– In new energy battery electrolytes, isobutanol serves as a key solvent for sodium-ion batteries.
Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
– Used in synthesising vitamins, antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) and sedatives.
– As a raw material for ester synthesis, employed in formulating fruit-based flavourings (e.g., apple, banana) and alcoholic beverage flavourings (e.g., whisky).
Plastics and Rubber Industry
– Employed in producing diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), widely used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to enhance flexibility and processability.
– Improves rubber vulcanisation properties and ageing resistance, commonly used in rubber goods such as tyres and conveyor belts.
New Energy and Environmental Protection Sector
– Serves as a biofuel blendable with petrol in any proportion, offering clean combustion and low corrosivity.
– Replaces conventional solvents in coatings and inks, reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
Other Applications
– Employed in synthesising isobutyl acetate, methyl isobutyl methacrylate, and antioxidants.
– Utilised for purifying metal salts such as strontium, barium, and lithium, or as a mobile phase in thin-layer chromatography.
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