
L lysine is an essential basic α-amino acid for humans and animals (MF: C₆H₁₄N₂O₂; MW: 146.19). It is a white crystalline powder that is odorless and has a slightly bitter-sweet taste. The molecule contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxyl group, and an ε-amino group. It is a key component in protein synthesis and cannot be synthesized by the human body; it must be obtained through dietary intake. It is highly soluble in water and is stable under acidic or neutral conditions, but decomposes under high temperatures or in strong alkaline conditions. It is optically active, with only the L-form exhibiting biological activity.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 215 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 265.81 °C |
| Density | 1.1360 |
| Flash point | 142.2°C |
| Specific rotation | D20 +14.6° (c=6.5); D23 +25.9° (c=2 in 6.0 N HCl) |
| pI (isoelectric point) | 9.74 (under physiological conditions) |
| PH | 2.5% aqueous solution pH = 9.5–10.5 |
| Solubility | Water: 63 g/100 mL (20°C), 96 g/100 mL (40°C); sparingly soluble in ethanol and ether. |
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