
Glycerol( glycerin) is the simplest trihydric alcohol with the mf C₃H₈O₃ and mw 92.09. At room temperature, it exists as a colorless, odorless, transparent viscous liquid. It occurs naturally in animal and vegetable fats and oils. Industrially, it is primarily synthesized via the hydroaddition of propylene and can also be recovered from byproducts of biodiesel production.
Glycerin exhibits the general properties of alcohols and can undergo reactions such as esterification and oxidation.
| Melting point | 20°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 290°C |
| Density | 1.25 g/mL (lit.) |
| Vapor density | 3.1 (vs air) |
| Vapor Pressure | <1 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.474 (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 320°F |
| Acidity Coefficient (pKa) | 14.15 (at 25°C) |
| Color APHA | ≤10 |
| Specific Gravity | 1.265 (15°C) |
| Hygroscopicity | Highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from air; serves as a humectant. |
| Solubility | Highly soluble in water, ethanol, and propylene glycol; insoluble in organic solvents such as diethyl ether and chloroform. |
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