
Lithium hydroxide (MF: LiOH, MW: 23.95) is the hydroxide compound corresponding to the lithium element. It typically exists as an anhydrous form or as a monohydrate (LiOH·H₂O), and does not occur naturally in its pure state, necessitating synthetic preparation. As a significant alkali metal hydroxide, it exhibits strong alkalinity and corrosiveness, with core applications concentrated in lithium batteries, glass ceramics, and related fields.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 470°C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 925°C |
| Density | 1.43 |
| Bulk density | 550 kg/m³ |
| Acidity coefficient (pKa) | 14 [at 20°C] |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether. |
Primarily used in the manufacture of lithium batteries, such as high-nickel ternary cathode materials (NCM811, NCA).
Glass and Ceramics Industry
– Serves as a fluxing agent in glass production, lowering the melting temperature and enhancing transparency and strength.
– Functions as a clarifying agent to eliminate bubbles formed during glass melting; in ceramics, it optimises glaze lustre.
As an alkaline catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, such as the oxidation of olefins, epoxidation reactions, and the refining of lubricating oils to aid impurity removal.
Metallurgy and Other Applications
– Used in metallurgy to separate metal ions like calcium and magnesium, and to purify rare metals.
– Also employed in the production of lithium-based greases, disinfectants, and carbon dioxide absorbers (e.g., for air purification in submarines and spacecraft).
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