
Mandelic acid ((R)-(-)-Mandelic acid) is a chiral α-hydroxyaromatic acid, with the molecular formula C₈H₈O₃ and a molecular weight of 152.15. It appears as a white crystalline powder and occurs naturally in bitter almonds. Possessing acidity, chiral resolution properties, and biocompatibility, it serves as an important pharmaceutical intermediate, chiral resolving agent, and fine chemical raw material, widely used in drug synthesis, organic analysis, and the cosmetics industry.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 132–134°C |
| Boiling Point | 321.8°C (760 mmHg, decomposition) |
| Density | 1.30 g/cm³ (25°C) |
| Flash point | 162°C |
| Vapor pressure | 0.0007 mmHg (25°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.591 (20°C) |
| Specific rotation | [α]²⁵/D -151° (c=1, ethanol) |
| Pka | 3.37 (25°C) |
| Solubility | 109.8 g/L (water, 25°C); readily soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone. |
| Sensitivity | Light-sensitive; prolonged exposure to light causes discoloration and decomposition. |
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