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Manganese oxide, also known as Trimanganese tetraoxide, has the chemical formula Mn₃O₄ (MnO·Mn₂O₃) and a molecular weight of 228.81. It is a stable mixed-valent oxide of manganese containing both +2 and +3 valence states. It occurs naturally in manganite and is a stable black solid at room temperature, featuring a spinel crystal structure and ferrimagnetism. It serves as a core raw material for the production of electronic magnetic materials and manganese-zinc ferrites. Industrially, it is primarily produced by the oxidation and roasting of manganese salts or through the oxidation of metallic manganese. It is widely used in the electronics, battery, ceramics, and catalysis sectors.
| Item | Specification |
| Appearance | Brownish-black to black powder or octahedral crystals |
| Melting Point | 1705°C |
| Boiling Point | N/A |
| Density | 4.8 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor pressure | 0 Pa at 25 °C |
| Flash point | N/A |
| Specific gravity | 4.856 |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether; soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid with the release of chlorine gas; soluble in hot sulfuric acid and nitric acid. |
| Magnetic properties | Ferrimagnetic; exhibits ferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures. |
| Stability | Stable in air at room temperature; can be reduced to MnO at high temperatures; does not react with weak bases. |
| Electrical Conductivity | Semiconductor properties; electrical conductivity increases with rising temperature. |
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