
Mineral Oil (MW: 23.9979) is typically a colourless, semi-transparent oily liquid with little or no fluorescence. It is odourless and tasteless at low temperatures but emits a slight petroleum odour when heated. It exhibits good chemical stability and is relatively stable to light, heat, and acids; however, prolonged exposure to light and heat may cause gradual oxidation.
Based on chemical structure, it can be classified into saturated alkane mineral oil (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbon mineral oil (MOAH); based on viscosity, it can be divided into low-viscosity, medium-viscosity, and high-viscosity categories. Generally, the more carbon atoms, the larger the molecular weight, the higher the viscosity, and the lower the toxicity.
| Boiling point | 300–500°C/1,013 hPa |
| Density | 0.85 g/mL at 20°C |
| Vapor pressure | 0.0001 hPa (20°C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.467 (lit.) |
| Flash point | 185°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in chloroform, insoluble in water |
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