
Nonanoic acid (MF: C9H18O2, MW: 158.24) is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a characteristic fatty odor; it is a nine-carbon saturated fatty acid. It exhibits the typical chemical properties of a carboxylic acid and serves as an important fine chemical raw material in fields such as organic synthesis intermediates, food flavorings, paint drying agents, plasticizers, and herbicides. It occurs naturally in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and iris, and can also be produced through chemical synthesis.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 9-12.5°C (lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 255.6°C |
| Density | 0.906 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Flash point | 106°C (closed cup) |
| Vapor pressure | <0.05 mmHg at 20°C |
| Refractive index | n 20/D 1.432 (lit.) |
| Solubility | Solubility in water at 20°C is 0.3 g/L; readily soluble in most organic solvents. |
| Acid dissociation constant (pKa) | 4.96 (at 25°C) |
Organic Synthesis: Nonanoic acid is used to synthesize derivatives such as nonanoate, nonamine, and nonanoyl chloride, serving as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and surfactants.
Fragrance Industry: Classified as a compliant food and personal care fragrance ingredient; used to formulate coconut and berry-like scents for applications in food, perfumes, and personal care products.
Industrial Additives: Pelargonic acid is used as a drying agent in paints and inks, a plasticizer in plastics, a textile finishing agent, and a specialty high-temperature lubricant.
Agriculture and Forestry: Its ammonium salt serves as a broad-spectrum herbicide and can be added to animal feed to improve gut health.
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