
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a linear polymer formed by the stepwise addition polymerization of ethylene oxide with water or ethylene glycol. It exhibits excellent hygroscopicity, lubricity, and adhesive properties. Its chemical formula is HO-(CH₂CH₂O)_ₙ-H, where n represents the degree of polymerization, which determines the molecular weight. The number following the commercial PEG designation indicates its average molecular weight. For example, PEG-400 denotes an average molecular weight of approximately 400.
| Melting point | -15 to 66°C |
| Boiling point | >250°C |
| Bulk density | 400–500 kg/m³ |
| Density | ~1.12–1.14 g/cm³ (20°C) |
| Vapor Density | >1 (vs air) |
| Vapor Pressure | <0.01 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.469 |
| Flash point | 1.128 |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water and organic solvents; insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as diethyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and benzene. |
| Hygroscopicity | Low molecular weight PEG exhibits strong hygroscopicity, which decreases with increasing molecular weight. |
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