
Potassium benzoate, also known as potassium benzoic acid, is the potassium salt of benzoic acid (E212). Its chemical name is monopotassium benzoate, with the molecular formula C₇H₅KO₂ and a molecular weight of 160.21. It is a white powder, odorless or nearly odorless, readily soluble in water (492 g/L at 20°C), slightly soluble in ethanol, and its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline (pH 7.0–9.0).
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | N/A |
| Boiling Point | N/A |
| Optimal pH | 7.0 |
| Optimal temperature | 40–50°C |
| Activity units | ≥100 u/g |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water; slightly soluble in glycerol; insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone; highly hygroscopic |
| Effect of metal ions | Co²⁺, Ba²⁺, and K⁺ enhance activity; Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺ inhibit activity |
Food Preservation: Potassium Benzoate is used as a preservative in foods such as fruit juices, carbonated beverages, pickled vegetables, jams, pastries, and dairy products; it inhibits mold and yeast in acidic environments, extending the shelf life of foods.
Pharmaceutical and Health Product Excipients: It is used as a preservative in oral solutions, syrups, topical creams, and other pharmaceutical formulations; it inhibits bacterial growth and preserves nutritional liquid health supplements, and can also serve as a standard reagent for laboratory analysis.
Personal Care Products: Potassium Benzoate is used as a preservative component in face creams, hair care products, toothpaste, and mouthwash; when combined with other antimicrobial agents, it enhances stability.
Industrial Applications: It is used for antibacterial and antifungal protection in coatings, textiles, and recirculating water systems; as a sound-enhancing additive in fireworks; and as a raw material for organic synthesis intermediates.
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