
Ricinoleic acid (MF: C18H34O3, MW: 298.46) is a colorless to pale yellow, viscous, oily liquid with a distinctive odor; it belongs to the class of unsaturated Ω-9 hydroxy fatty acids. It is insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. It is chemically reactive and can undergo esterification, etherification, sulfation, hydrogenation, and dehydration reactions. It is an important chemical intermediate, surfactant, and lubricant raw material; it is low in toxicity and readily biodegradable, and occurs naturally in castor seed oil.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | <10°C |
| Boiling Point | 227°C (10 mmHg) |
| Density | 0.940 g/mL at 20°C |
| Flash point | 248°C |
| Vapor pressure | 1.33×10⁻⁵ kPa (20°C) |
| Refractive index | 1.4740 (589.3 nm, 25°C) |
| Solubility | Pungent, irritating odor |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in water; readily soluble in most organic solvents; sparingly soluble in petroleum ether and gasoline. |
| Acid value | 185–195 mg KOH/g |
| Iodine value | 80–90 g I₂/100 g |
| Stability | Stable at room temperature; prone to oxidation and deterioration at high temperatures or upon prolonged exposure to air; exhibits the typical reactivity of hydroxy fatty acids. |
Raw material for organic synthesis: Ricinoleic acid is used in cracking to produce sebacic acid and undecenoic acid; esterified and dehydrated to prepare various resins and ester derivatives; serves as a key upstream raw material for nylon and polyurethane.
Surfactants: Sulfonated or ethoxylated to produce anionic/nonionic emulsifiers and detergents; used in personal care, pesticide, and textile emulsification systems.
Lubricants Industry: Ricinoleic acid is used in the formulation of high-end synthetic lubricants, metal cutting fluids, and greases, providing both lubrication and short-term rust protection.
Coatings and Inks: It is used to synthesize alkyd resins, epoxy esters, and drying ink resins, enhancing paint film adhesion, gloss, and film-forming properties.
Personal Care and Pharmaceuticals: Serves as a moisturizing and emulsifying ingredient in skin and hair care cosmetics, as well as a pharmaceutical intermediate for laxatives and topical antibacterial agents.
Rubber, Plastics, and Additives: Acts as an eco-friendly plasticizer for PVC and rubber, and can be formulated into plant-based pesticide and biodiesel performance enhancers.
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