
Sodium benzoate, also known as sodium benzoic acid, is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. It is a water-soluble aromatic carboxylate organic compound with the molecular formula C₇H₅NaO₂ and a molecular weight of 144.10. At room temperature, it appears as a white crystalline powder, odorless or with a faint benzoin scent, and has a slightly sweet taste with an astringent sensation; it is highly soluble in water. It exerts its antibacterial effect by converting to benzoic acid in an acidic environment (most effective at pH ≤ 4.5), effectively inhibiting the growth of yeast, mold, and certain Gram-negative bacteria, while having minimal impact on beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | >300°C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 249.3°C at 760 mmHg |
| Density | 1.44 g/cm³(lit.) |
| Flash point | 111.4°C |
| Vapor pressure | 1.33 kPa at 100°C |
| Solubility | Solubility in water at 25°C is 53 g/100 mL; solubility in ethanol is 1.4 g/L; soluble in glycerol and methanol. |
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