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Trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide (photoinitiator TPO) is a pale yellow to white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C₂₂H₂₁O₂P and a molecular weight of 348.37. It has a broad absorption wavelength range (250–420 nm, with a maximum absorption peak at 380 nm). with absorption still present in the visible region at 430 nm. Upon photolysis, it generates highly reactive free radicals (trimethylbenzoyl radical and diphenylphosphonyl radical). It combines rapid curing, yellowing resistance, and low odor with excellent photobleaching performance, making it suitable for thick coatings and white/high-pigment systems. It is widely used in UV-curable coatings, inks, adhesives, and other applications.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 88–92°C (lit.) |
| Boiling Point | 519.6°C at 760 mmHg |
| Density | 1.12 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | >230°F (>110°C) |
| Vapor pressure | < 1×10⁻⁶ mmH₂O (25°C) |
| Refractive index | n₂₀/D 1.475 (lit.) |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in water; readily soluble in most organic solvents (e.g., toluene, xylene, THF, DMF); sparingly soluble in petroleum ether and gasoline. |
| Solubility | Insoluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone; soluble in strong acids and hydrolyzes to orthophosphoric acid. |
| Thermal Stability | Excellent thermal stability; stable below 180°C; begins to decompose slowly above 200°C. |
| Photolytic Properties | Photolysis produces colorless products; exhibits a photobleaching effect; suitable for thick-film coatings and high-opacity systems. |
| Maximum Absorption Wavelengths | 269, 298, 379, 393 nm (in DMF); maximum absorption peak at 380 nm. |
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