
Turkey red oil (Taigu oil, sulfonated castor oil) is an anionic surfactant produced by neutralizing castor oil with sodium hydroxide after sulfation. with the molecular formula C₁₈H₃₂Na₂O₆S and a molecular weight of approximately 422.49. It is a pale yellow to dark brown, viscous, transparent liquid that possesses excellent emulsifying, penetrating, dispersing, and wetting properties. It exhibits better resistance to hard water and acids than soap and is widely used in industrial sectors such as textiles, printing and dyeing, leather manufacturing, and metal processing.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | N/A |
| Boiling Point | 121.7°C |
| Density | 1.039–1.060 g/mL (20°C) |
| Flash point | 109°C |
| Vapor pressure | 0 Pa (25°C) |
| Refractive index | n₂₀/D 1.474–1.479 |
| Acid value | 5–10 mg KOH/g |
| Saponification value | 170–190 mg KOH/g |
| PH | 6.0–9.0 (5% aqueous solution) |
| Solubility | Easily soluble in water to form a translucent solution; soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers. |
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