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Ammonium sulfate is a commonly used inorganic ammonium salt (MF: (NH₄)₂SO₄, MW: 132.14), appearing as white crystals. It occurs naturally in certain minerals and is industrially produced primarily by neutralizing ammonia with sulfuric acid. It is highly soluble in water, has low hygroscopicity, and does not readily form lumps. Contact with alkaline substances releases ammonia gas, reducing its fertilizer efficacy. Primarily used as an agricultural fertilizer, it also finds extensive applications in industrial and laboratory settings.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | >280°C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 330°C at 760 mmHg |
| Bulk density | 850 kg/m³ |
| Density | 1.77 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Vapor Pressure | <1 Pa (25°C) |
| Refractive index | n₂₀/D 1.396 |
| Flash point | 26°C |
| Specific Gravity | 1.769 |
| Odor | Slight ammonia odor |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol and acetone; aqueous solution is weakly acidic (pH ~4.5). |
| Stability | Stable at room temperature; decomposes when heated above 280°C, releasing ammonia gas and forming ammonium bisulfate. |
Agriculture: Ammonium sulfate serves as a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer suitable for crops like rice, wheat, and corn, promoting foliage growth and enhancing yields.
Industry: It is used in manufacturing compound fertilizers and potassium sulfate, as well as in dye intermediates, textile auxiliaries, and leather tanning agents.
Laboratory Applications: Ammonium sulfate serves as an analytical reagent and component of culture media, and is also employed in protein salting-out purification.
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