


Methacrylic acid (MAA) is a bifunctional unsaturated organic acid with the mf C₄H₆O₂ and mw 86.09. Its core molecular structure features both a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and a carboxyl group (-COOH): the double bond confers strong polymerization reactivity, while the carboxyl group imparts acidity, hydrophilicity, and esterification capability.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting point | 12–16°C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 163°C (lit.) |
| Density | 1.015 g/mL at 25°C (lit.) |
| Vapor Density | >3 (vs air) |
| Vapor Pressure | 1 mmHg (20°C) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.431 (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 170°F |
| Acid dissociation constant (pKa) | pK1: 4.66 (25°C) |
| Solubility | Miscible with water; readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether. |
Methacrylic acid is used to prepare methacrylate monomers, butyl methacrylate (BMA), isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA), crosslinking monomers, and for direct polymerization/copolymerization to produce functional polymers (poly(methacrylic acid)).
Applications of Methacrylic Acid in Fine Chemicals:
– Used in the preparation of ion exchange resins.
– Copolymerization of methacrylates (e.g., sodium salts, ammonium salts) with other monomers yields polymeric surfactants for detergents, emulsifiers, and papermaking auxiliaries (e.g., sizing agents, retention aids).
– As raw materials for textile auxiliaries, synthesizing antistatic agents, softeners, and water-repellent finishes to enhance fiber wearability.
– Used in synthesizing pharmaceutical carrier materials.
– Synthesis of pesticide intermediates (e.g., herbicides and fungicides containing acrylic acid structures).
Other Specialized Applications of Methacrylic Acid:
– Small quantities of MAA directly incorporated into coating formulations to enhance adhesion.
– As a copolymerizable monomer for ink resins, improving ink dispersion, printability, and scrub resistance.
– Used in synthesizing water-based adhesives (e.g., acrylic emulsion adhesives) for bonding wood, paper, plastics, and metals, particularly suitable for eco-friendly packaging and construction adhesives;
– As a crosslinking monomer for sealants, enhancing weather resistance and sealing performance.
– Copolymerized with epoxy monomers to produce electronic encapsulation materials (for semiconductor chip packaging), improving thermal resistance and insulation properties;
– Synthesized into photoresist resins (for semiconductor lithography processes), leveraging its photosensitive polymerization characteristics to achieve precise pattern transfer.
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