


4 Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-Hydroxybenzoic acid) is an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid with the molecular formula C7H6O3 and a molecular weight of 138.12. It appears as white needle-like crystals or powder. The molecule contains both a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, exhibiting weak acidity. It is physically and chemically stable and possesses excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. As a key raw material for the synthesis of parabens, it is widely used in the fields of preservation, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, and organic synthesis.
| Item | Specification |
| Melting Point | 213–214°C |
| Boiling point | Decomposes upon heating at approximately 275°C |
| Density | 1.458–1.460 g/cm³ (20°C) |
| Flash point | 199°C |
| Vapor pressure | N/A |
| Refractive index | N/A |
| Solubility | approx. 4 g/L at 25°C; readily soluble in hot water, ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone; slightly soluble in benzene and chloroform. |
| Stability | Stable at room temperature and when protected from light; exhibits good heat resistance; capable of undergoing esterification, salt formation, and electrophilic substitution reactions. |
Preservative Raw Material: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily used in the esterification synthesis of the broad-spectrum parabens series, offering strong antimicrobial efficacy and a wide range of applications.
Food Processing: Both the compound itself and its derivative esters are used as food preservatives to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria, thereby extending the shelf life of beverages, pastries, and condiments.
Personal Care Products: 4 Hydroxybenzoic acid is added to skincare products, hair care products, and toothpaste as a mild preservative to ensure product quality and stability.
Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals: P-Hydroxybenzoic acid is used to prepare topical antimicrobial agents, as well as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pesticides, and fluorescent materials; it can also serve as an analytical reagent.
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